User experience
Android 11 introduces “conversations” notifications; they are designed for chat and messaging, and can be presented in pop-up overlays known as “bubbles” when supported by apps. Conversations can also be marked as “priority” to give them greater prominence (pushing them to the top of notifications, and allowing them to bypass do not disturb mode). Notification history over the past 24 hours can also be displayed. Bubbles is designed to replace the existing overlay permission, which is being deprecated in the future due to security (due to its use by clickjacking malware) and performance concerns.
The menu displayed when holding the power button now includes an area devoted to controlling smart home devices (only on Pixel devices). The screenshot button is moved to the recent screen (only on Pixel devices). Apps can be pinned on the share menu.
Android 11 includes a built-in screen recorder. Media controls are displayed as part of the quick settings area and no longer as a persistent notification, and can be swiped sideways to access those for other apps.
Accessibility
The voice control system is capable of recognizing screen context.
Platform
Android 11 contains various APIs designed for detecting the presence of 5G network connectivity in order to provide enhanced in-app experiences. Android 11 contains new APIs for handling devices with hinged displays (such as foldable smartphones) and ultra-curved “waterfall” displays.
A new API can be used to monitor a device’s temperature and adjust application operations accordingly. OpenSL ES is deprecated in favor of Oboe. Android 11 supports wireless debugging. Android 11 Go Edition has performance improvements, privacy enhancement, increasing storage, upgraded RAM storage and new app features, with Google stating that apps would launch 20% quicker than on Android 10.
Privacy and security
If automatically rebooting after a system update, apps can automatically resume and regain access to credential-encrypted storage without authentication. Android 11 introduces “one-time” permissions for camera, microphone, and location; when requested by an app, the user must choose whether to grant access whenever they are using the app, only once, or deny. Repeatedly denying permission will imply an indefinite rejection. Apps must require users to go to the system settings menu in order to enable background location tracking, and all “sensitive” permissions are automatically reset if the user has not used an app for several months.
Apps targeting Android 11 are only allowed to access files in external storage that they have created themselves (“scoped storage”), preferably contained within an app-specific directory, and audio, image, and video files contained within the Music, Pictures, or Videos directories. Any other file may only be accessed via user intervention through the Storage Access Framework. To “ensure that the EXIF location metadata is correctly processed based on the location permissions defined within the app”, Android 11 restricts image and video capture Intents to system camera apps only. This does not affect cameras built into apps (such as, for example, Instagram or Snapchat).
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